Ancient+Rome



Powerpoint #2

**Answers. ** **1) ** **• ** **There were two periods of Roman government. **  **–** **Roman Republic**  **• ** ** 509 BCE-30 BCE **  **–** **Roman Empire**  **• ** ** 30 BCE-476 CE **  **• ** ** Rome technically had an “empire” under the Roman Republic. **  **– ** ** But the term “Roman Empire” refers to the time period, beginning with Augustus, when Rome was ruled by emperors ** .    2. • “First among equals” • Augustus and later emperors tried to maintain the façade that they were elected officials rather than dictators • Being “first among equals” gave the illusion that an emperor was the most prestigious and important member of the Roman Senate, but that each senator was simultaneously equally important • In reality, the Roman emperors ruled with little input from anyone else. 3. • **Attempted to reform public morals by promoting family life (largely unsuccessful).** • **Began the practice of declaring emperors gods, and of picking their own successors. (He called Haley’s Comet the spirit of Caesar.)** • **Built and maintained the empire’s infrastructure (e.g., roads).** • **Encouraged the growth of business.** • **Established fire and police departments for Rome.** • **Established a strong money system.** • **Extended citizenship to more and more provincials.** • **Said he “found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble.”** • **Jesus, the founder of Christianity, was born in the Roman province of Judea during the reign of Augustus.** 4. • Rome controlled the entire Mediterranean region and beyond – Complete control = almost no warfare <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">– This peace lasted nearly 200 years
 * 1) **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">What are the dates for the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire? **
 * 2) **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Explain the meaning of the Latin phrase //primus inter pares//. **
 * 3) **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Describe the accomplishments of Augustus. **
 * 4) **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">What was the //Pax Romana//? **
 * 5) **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">How do Caligula and Nero represent the problems of hereditary succession? **

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** · ****<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">5. ** <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">• ** **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Son of famed military leader Germanicus, the nephew and adopted son of Tiberius ** <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">• ** **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Earned his name “Caligula,” meaning “little boots,” by the Roman army as a child (he was dressed like a soldier) ** <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">• ** **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Two years of good, effective rule, interrupted by a severe illness, and followed by two years of horrible rule ** <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">• ** **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Members of family and perceived enemies ** <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 1in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">– ** **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Exiled some, killed some, and forced others to commit suicide ** <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">• ** **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Assassinated in 41 CE by members of the Praetorian Guard **

<span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Nero: **

· **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">• ** **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Considered a tyrant ** <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">• ** **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Came to power after his mother allegedly poisoned his predecessor, Claudius ** <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">• ** **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Murdered his mother, his stepbrother, and two of his wives ** <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">• ** **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Also killed his teacher, the famous philosopher Seneca ** <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">• ** **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Fire in Rome (64 CE) ** <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 1in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">– ** **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Nero was accused of setting the fire, and of fiddling while the city burned ** <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 1in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">– ** **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Nero blamed the fire on the new religious group known as “Christians” ** <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">• ** **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Forced to commit suicide **